South America
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--------. 1974. The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account. Translated by Herma Briffant. New York: Seabury Press.
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Dominguez Ortiz, Antonio. 1971. The Golden Age of Spain: 1516-1659. Translated by James Casey. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
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Gibson, Charles. 1966. Spain in America. The New American Nation Series. New York: Harper and Row.
Gongora, Mario. 1975. Studies in the Colonial History of Spanish America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hanke, Lewis. "A Modest Proposal for a Moratorium on Grand Generalizations: Some Thoughts on the Black Legend." Hispanic American Historical Review 51 (1971): 112-27.
--------. 1959. Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World. London: Hollis and Carter.
--------. 1935. The First Social Experiments in America: A Study in the Development of Spanish Indian Policy in the Sixteenth Century. Reprint. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964.
--------. 1949. The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Haring, Clarence H. 1947. The Spanish Empire in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Keen, Benjamin. "The Black Legend Revisited: Assumptions and Realities.", Hispanic American Historical Review 49 (1969): 703-19.
--------. "The White Legend Revisited: A Reply to Professor Hanke's 'Modest Proposal'.", Hispanic American Historical Review 51 (1971): 336-55.
Parry, J. H. 1963. The Age of Reconnaissance. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
--------. 1949. Europe and a Wider World: 1415-1715. London: Hutchinson's University Library.
--------. 1940. The Spanish Theory of Empire in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge: CUP.
Simpson, Leslie Byrd. 1950. The Encomienda in New Spain. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Stannard, David. 1992. The American Holocaust: Columbus & the Conquest of the New World. Oxford.
Steward, Julian H., ed. 1963. Handbook of South American Indians. 7 vols. New York: Cooper Square.
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1984. The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Harper and Row. Original edition, 1982.
Villamarin, Juan A., and Judith E. Villamarin. 1975. Indian Labor in Mainland Colonial Spanish America. Latin American Studies Program Occasional Papers and Monographs, no. I. Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press.